Species-level migration patterns complex: some populations migrate relatively short distances, some make long north-south migrations, and some migrate east–west or west–east. Travel up to 80 km (50 mi) to feed (Meanley 1965). Roosting groups spread out during the day to forage (Fraga 2014). Climate change negatively affecting some blackbird populations (Forcey and Thogmartin 2017).Īctive during the day, roost at night (Fraga 2014). Some subspecies in Mexico and Central America may be of local conservation concern (Fraga 2014). No significant threats-wide distribution, found in human-modified habitats (Fraga 2014). Population trend: declining (BirdLife International 2018) greater than 35% decline from 1966 to 2014 (Rosenberg et al. Considered common to very common locally abundant (Jaramillo and Burke 1999).Īpproximately 210 million mature individuals (BirdLife International 2018). One of the most abundant birds in North America. Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918 modified to allow lethal and nonlethal population control to reduce damage to crops and other resources (Yasukawa and Searcy 2019 USFWS 2019). Least Concern ( 2018 assessment) (BirdLife International 2018) Nonbreeding season: agricultural fields, feedlots, pastures, grasslands, suburban areas, urban parks (Cornell Lab 2019 Yasukawa and Searcy 2019).Įlevation range: sea level to 3,000 m (10,000 ft) (Fraga 2014). Occasionally nest in woodlands near water (Cornell Lab 2019). Some Caribbean islands (e.g., Florida Keys, Bahamas, Turks and Caicos) (BirdLife International 2018 Cornell Lab 2019 Yasukawa and Searcy 2019).įound in a wide variety of habitats, primarily freshwater marshes and prairies (Yasukawa and Searcy 2019).īreeding season: Marshes and ponds, wet meadows, roadside ditches, rice fields and other agricultural lands, suburban parks (Jaramillo and Burke 1999 Fraga 2014). Entire United States, except Hawaii and western Alaska. Tricolored Blackbird, Agelaius tricolor (Jaramillo and Burke 1999)Ĭanada to Mexico to Costa Rica. Subspecies: Differ mainly in tone of female’s plumage. Juvenile: Similar to immature female, but pale areas more yellowish. Immature female: Similar to adult female but chin and throat white. Immature male: Blackish but streaked like adult female. Head and cheeks have contrasting buff-and-brown stripes. Underparts buff with dark brown or blackish stripes. Bill and legs black.Īdult female: Upperparts dark brown. mailliardorum, has very little yellow on epaulet (Cornell Lab 2019). One subspecies of coastal southern California, A. (Jaramillo and Burke 1999 Fraga 2014, except as noted)Īdult male: Non-glossy black with red-and-yellow epaulets (“shoulder patches”). Sexes differ in size and coloration (Jaramillo and Burke 1999 Yasukawa and Searcy 2019). Medium-length tail with square tip (Jaramillo and Burke 1999). Populations and subspecies differ in body size and body proportions (Cornell Lab 2019). Red-shouldered Blackbird, Agelaius assimilis (Yasukawa and Searcy 2019)Ĭonsiderable variation in weight, depending on location and season.Ībout 15 to 25 (6 to 10 in) (Yasukawa and Searcy 2019) Sources: BirdLife International (2018), Gill and Donsker (2019) See current version of IOC World Bird List (Gill and Donsker 2019), Fraga (2014), and Yasukawa and Searcy (2019). Subspecies: About 20 to 22 subspecies recognized, based on physical characteristics not all authorities accept all proposed subspecies. Species: Agelaius phoeniceus (Linnaeus, 1766) - Red-winged Blackbird, a.k.a. Genus: Agelaius (Vieillot, 1816) - red-winged blackbirds Order: Passeriformes - passerines, or perching birds Image credit: © Jocelyn Anderson (Flickr). Red-winged Blackbird ( Agelaius phoeniceus)
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